As a result, those who reject the academic consensus on Markan priority are often the most open to Papiass claim. Curiously, Origen answered the philosopher Celsus's criticism that Jesus assembled a motley crew of "toll collectors and sailors" by stressing that Matthew was the sole toll collector within the apostolic circle and that Levi was not numbered among the twelve apostles except for in select manuscripts of Mark's Gospel (Cels. One theory is that Matthew went by the name Levi, or was simply of the tribe of Levi, and was re-named by Jesus as Matthew upon his call. They contend that the conjunction oun (therefore) in Papiass statement about Matthew (3.39.16) was connected to his prior statement about Mark (3.39.15), entailing that Matthew published his narrative of Jesuss life in response to the perceived shortcomings of Marks account. [1] This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Matthew, McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Biography of Matthew, Catholic Online - Biography of St. Matthew, Catholic Information Network - St. Matthew Apostle and Evangelist. Christ redeemed the priesthood of Levi back unto himself and redeemed Matthew the . Matthews Gospel has more quotations from and allusions to the Old Testament than any other New Testament author. Jesus ate a meal at Levi's house and . [47] Luomanen, Jewish-Christian Sects, 103119; Kok, Gospel According to the Hebrews, 4143; Gregory, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 1417; 4352. Neither Matthew 9:9 nor 10:3 advances an explicit authorial claim. Until that moment, she'd always thought Jesus was . It felt "weird," Carr said. Matthew was an accurate counter. Some Patristic interpreters guessed that the evangelists Mark and Luke called Matthew by his less popular name Levi out of deference for his apostolic status, while Matthew himself had the humility to confess that he was once employed in a disreputable profession under his better-known name (e.g., John Chrysostom, When Origen of Alexandria searched for a parallel for why Saul was surnamed Paul in the preface of his. Aelius Theon, Prog. 3.39.16). [45] Luomanen, Jewish-Christian Sects, 100101; Kok, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 41; Gregory, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 47, 47n.28. A beam of light illuminates the faces of the men at the table who are looking at Jesus Christ. Sometimes the men took too much money. For three main reasons, almost all scholars believe the Gospel of Luke was written by the same person who wrote Acts: Luke and Acts were written in the same style and express the same theology. He was honored that His Lord considered him such a gift, But as Levi he had immediately joined his life to Jesus and His Mission. News and Interpretations on the Bible and Ancient Near East History. He was included as one of the Evangelists according to the Christian tradition. h.e. 11.1-3; Pelag. ill. 3). [1] Regardless of how this name change is explained, this toll collector may have been trained in accounting and documenting records and may have been functionally bilingual or trilingual in order to converse with travellers moving between the territories of Philip and Antipas. Matthew's shocked facial expression shows that he understands this societal dynamic well, but his look and gesture may indicate even more than that. Soon, Jesus and His disciples are having dinner in . 3.27.4; 3.39.17; 4.22.8). Sextus Julius AfricanusWhy Did The Magi Come ? (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994), 166; Hagner, Matthew 113, 238; Carson, Matthew, 224; Ben Witherington III, Matthew (Macon: Smyth & Helywys, 2006), 197; Osbourne, Matthew, 334; Powers, Progressive Publication, 2829. At best, they were learned and prudent. Clement, str. The meaning in Hebrew of the word day always means a 24 hour period of time. Matthew, or Levi, son of Alpheus, was one of the seven who received a call to follow Christ before the ordination of the Twelve. The important take-away from this detour through the Patristic testimonies was that the oldest tradition was that the evangelist Matthew published a text in Aramaic and left it to more qualified translators to translate it into the form that we have today as the Greek Gospel according to Matthew. Change the way you think and act, and believe (trust in, rely on, and adhere to) this Good News. 1.7; Irenaeus, haer. Perhaps most plain is the calling of the disciple Matthew, also known as Levi the tax collector. Mark 16:1),[11] though this example differs slightly from Matthew 9:9 inasmuch as the woman is left unnamed. Christoph Markschies und Jens Schrter (Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck 2012), 606; Kok, Papias of Hierapolis, 4752; Andrew Gregory, The Gospel according to the Hebrews and the Gospel of the Ebionites (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 34, 78. Assuming that the identification of Matthew with Levi is correct, Matthew (probably meaning Yahwehs Gift) would appear to be the Christian name of Levi (called by Mark Levi the son of Alphaeus), who had been employed as a tax collector in the service of Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee. There are a number of Patristic and Medieval quotations that purportedly derive from a text that was commonly dubbed as the, James R. Edwards has revived the older position that Matthew was the author of the, Conversely, Papias may not have known the. The debate over the authorship of Matthews Gospel usually focuses on the replacement of Levi, the son of Alphaeus, with Matthew (Matt 9:9; contra Mark 2:14; Luke 5:27) and the addition of the descriptor the toll collector after Matthews name (Matt 10:3; contra Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13). He had the ability, the means, the opportunity, the motivation, and he wouldnt have done it? Supported by: Gundry, Matthew, xxii. Mark 2:1, 1314). Francis Watson, Gospel Writing: A Canonical Perspective (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2013), 126. 30.13.45), indicating that it was published in Greek at the outset. Why is Matthew called Levi? Zavada, Jack. B. 3 Whatever their character, the line between astrology and astronomy was thin, if only because stargazing was respectable. Indeed, Levi is Israel's priestly tribe, as stated in the Bible: "The priests the Levites the priests the Levites the priests the Levites" (Deuteronomy 17:9, 17:18, 18:1). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. There were only 8 people in Noahs Ark. [17] Additionally, specialists on the Synoptic Problem generally hold that Matthews Gospel reproduced over 90 percent of Marks content, improved Marks grammar and style, and edited out Marks transliterated Aramaic terms. He left Judea and carried the Gospel to Ethiopia where he was martyred while celebrating a mass at the altar of a small church he had started. Vose Seminary 12.13; Is. David: That's right, in the larger church. Teilband 1, ed. In many Western Christian traditions, there are 12 days of Christmas, culminating around . News of his preaching and healing ministry was spreading far and wide. Jesus believed that he had the same right to reassign a person's nameand therefore a person's life calling and destiny" (Cunningham). I also was allowed by the Nazarenes who use this volume in the Syrian city of Beroea to copy it. Jerome: De viris inlustribus (On Illustrious Men), chapter III. There were, however, at the time of Christ and the Apostles two languages spoken by JewsAramaic and Greek. Unlike the modern deductions about Matthews level of literacy, Papias did not presuppose Matthews facility in Greek. 3.24.6; Origen, in h.e. 29.9.4; 30.3.7; Jerome, Vir. Jesus invited Matthew (Levi) to follow him (Lk 5:27-32). I. Rather, he plainly states, So Matthew composed the oracles in the Hebrew language and each person interpreted them as best he could (in Eusebius, At first sight, this description seems like a poor match for the extant text entitled the. Matthew did follow Jesus for the rest of his life. The story of Matthew's calling shows us the amazing power of God's grace and how it transforms people and become extraordinary servants of our Creator. According to Matthew 9:9 and Mark 2:14, Matthew was sitting by the customs house in Capernaum (near modern Almagor, Israel, on the Sea of Galilee) when Jesus called him into his company. He is mentioned in Matthew 9:9. As a result, those who reject the academic consensus on Markan priority are often the most open to Papiass claim. But let's hear Matthew's own account of his calling: Matthew's " original name, Levi, suggests that he was a man of the priestly tribe." Levi means " adhesion ." But Matthew was re-Christened " gift " or "given," a profound switch for a tax. 30.3.7; 30.13.214.4), was the Gospel according to the Hebrews, though Epiphanius derided it as the Ebionites mutilation of Matthews Gospel. But Levis guests were of his social ilksinners and other tax collectors.The Pharisees (we get our word pharisaical meaning self-righteous; hypocritical from this sect in ancient Judaism) were always watching whatever Jesus did and said and they followed him to Levis house and were appalled to see Him eating and talking with tax collectors and sinners.Several of Jesus other disciples were near. [40] Conversely, Papias may not have known the Gospel according to the Hebrews at all, instead learning about the woman who was accused of many sins before the Lord from his oral informants in Asia Minor, and Eusebius may have been the one who discovered that this tale was included in the version of the Gospel according to the Hebrews that circulated in his own day. [43] Further, the Gospel according to the Ebionites features a pun that only works in Greek (cf. The answer is very simple. Say, Jesus saw Levi and knew that Levi and the other tax collectors needed to know the good news. But go and learn what this means: I desire mercy, not sacrifice. For I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners. Matthew 9:9-13, Matthew is the ONLY one of the Gospel writers who uses his changed name from Levi to Matthew. It would be psychologically impossible that such a man as Matthew, trained and experienced in writing records and reports he was a Roman official and such work was requisite for him since it went with the job would not have recorded things Jesus said. 20.5; Vir. The debate over the authorship of Matthews Gospel usually focuses on the replacement of Levi, the son of Alphaeus, with Matthew (Matt 9:9; contra Mark 2:14; Luke 5:27) and the addition of the descriptor the toll collector after Matthews name (Matt 10:3; contra Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13). Excessive. [18] B. C. Butler, The Originality of St Matthew: A Critique of the Two-Document Hypothesis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951), 16566; Albright and Mann, Matthew, XXXVIXLVIII; Powers, Progressive Publication, 4749. Contrary to Epiphaniuss assertions, he may have not had access to the Gospel according to the Hebrews at all, and scholars generally label his source, which frequently harmonizes passages in the Synoptic Gospels, as the Gospel according to the Ebionites to distinguish it from the former text. Q. Krzinger and Gundry insist that dialektos would be preceded by an article if a language was intended (cf. How come only five disciples of Jesus Christ wrote books in the New Testament? 29-30) [47] Whatever the case, Jerome slowly distanced himself from his earlier confident declarations that the Nazarenes had the original Matthean Gospel in their possession (cf. It is the contracted name of Mattathias. After all, a toll collector may have at least needed functional literacy to perform certain tasks. 3.1.1). Outside the New Testament, a statement of importance about him is the passage from the Apostolic Father Papias of Hierapolis preserved by Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea: So then Matthew composed the Oracles in the Hebrew language, and each one interpreted them as he could. The Gospel According to Matthew was certainly written for a Jewish-Christian church in a strongly Jewish environment, but that this Matthew is definitely the Synoptic author is seriously doubted. 3.39.16 with the Gospel according to the Hebrews in h.e. http://www.brentcunningham.org/?p=316 I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners. Mark 2:13-17. 2.12.87; Didymus, Comm. [2] B. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners., CLICK HERE for Jesus and the Pharisees article. [29] Baum, Ein aramischer Urmatthus, 262. John P. Meier even entertains the option that the evangelist wanted to replace Levi with any of the apostles and Matthew was chosen at random for this aim.
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