which of the following statements is true about correctional officers?

Explain The inmates' perception that certain correctional officers have valuable skills gives rise to ___________. B. The United States correctional system consists of local and tribal jails, state prisons, federal prisons, military and immigration facilities, and community correctional facilities, which includes probation and parole programs. The use of___________in corrections and public policy is now considered the gold standard for policy and program development. A death sentence that the legislature has required to be imposed upon people convicted of certain offenses is called a? The first historical phase of prison discipline, involving soiltary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment was called the ____________. The case of Gates v. Rowland dealt with the issue of? The field of corrections is improving. consensual sex for gratification, sexual assault, voyeurism, or prostitution. Utilitarian ethics is a normative ethical system that is primarily concerned with the consequences of ethical decisions; therefore it can be described as a. teleological theory or consequentialist theory. As of 2012, unions represented correctional officers in adult institutions in ________ states and the federal system. answer choices. The term Lex Talionis means "Let the punishment be just". [9] Although the number of persons who have ever injected drugs is not routinely assessed in prison populations, a 2004 Bureau of Justice Special Report noted that 23% of persons in state prisonsand 18% of individuals in federal prisonsreported ever having used heroin/opiates. [4,5] According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, at the end of 2016 the United States had approximately 2,162,400 adults in correctional facilities. [4] Among all persons in prisons, the state prisons account for nearly 90% of those in prison and the majority are males (Figure 6). The case of Cruz v. Beto established the right of prisoners to have visits. When the court has two separate hearings for different issues in a trial, one for guilt and the other for punishment, it is called a? The buyer has always had more power than the seller. To conduct themselves as professionals, jail staff must have all except which of the following? anti-staff mentality, interracial tension, or levels of violence. [44,45] In Connecticut, psychiatric disorders were common in the HIV-seropositive prisoner cohort and 45.6% were taking either antidepressants or antipsychotic medications. that an officer had to run to a squad car for a chain cutter. Directly observed antiretroviral therapy is less convenient, decreases patient control, and may inadvertently jeopardize confidentiality. Q. The belief that inmate subcultures develop in response to the deprivations in prison life is called? [4] The demographics of community corrections closely mirrors that of jail and prison settings, with disproportionate representation of poor, disadvantaged, and racial and ethnic minorities. -New offenders are socialized into the prison subculture through a process known as prisonization. What is one of the newest forms of prison contraband? Within a correctional facility, the health and safety considerations for an inmate may take priority over the right to confidentiality, but some have interpreted this to mean that all officers should know the HIV status of individuals who are incarcerated. See Answer See Answer See Answer done loading. Which of the following statements is true about the Pennsylvania system of confinement? "The taking on of the ways, mores, customs and general culture of the penitentiary" is known as? Having the inmate talk to a provider, a nurse, or a counselor at the follow-up clinic may help with concrete linkage to services. The term ________ is defined as the reduction of the original sentence given by executive authority, usually a state's governor. In general, people sentenced to jail have a sentence of? As noted earlier, other non-HIV-related chronic medical conditions may also complicate care. Expedited HIV care may be necessary for special clinical circumstances including acute HIV,an acute opportunistic infection, and HIV during pregnancy. Some inmates with newly diagnosed HIV may require outside expert medical consultation. [20] Adequate discharge planning and linkage to community medical care upon release often fall short of practices recommended by the CDC and only 30% of individuals are retained in HIV medical care after 6 months in the community. The United States Supreme Court awarded Gerald Gault all of the following rights except? [47] Jails and temporary detention settings pose the most challenges in terms of accessing antiretroviral therapy. The imprisonment rate for the United States is approximately_______per 100,000 citizens. Prevalence studies of incarcerated populations in the United States have found higher rates of multiple chronic medical conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, asthma, arthritis, and malignancies, when compared with the general population in the United States, even with adjustment for sociodemographic factors and alcohol consumption. Acorrectional agency that has the authority to grant parole is a called a ________. Which of the following is NOT a value or norm of the convict code? Persons with HIV who have incarceration periods for fewer than 7 days have the highest risk of treatment interruption; this is likely due to the chaotic nature of the jail setting, with rapid turnover, unpredictable lengths of stay, and lack of communication with regular care providers. Criminologists Richard Hawkins and Geoffrey Alpert observe that the work of correctional officers is characterized by both ________. "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted" is part of the____Amendment? [7] An opt-in HIV testing approach is when the prisoner requests the test or the test is offered and performed only if the prisoner consents to the test. [41] In a small exploratory study of 42 men and transgender women with HIV who were recently released from correctional centers in Illinois, only about one-half of the men said they reported their HIV status at jail or prison entry and some study participants only disclosed their HIV status to the correctional officers when their health deteriorated. Adult offenders have trials; juvenile offenders have? Considering the high HIV prevalencein the correctional settings, it is imperative that strategies and systems are in place to maximize initiation and uninterrupted administration of antiretroviral therapy within jails and prisons. Values such as supportiveness, teamwork, perseverance, empathy, and caring enable officers to cope with post-traumatic stress; they are part of team of colleagues who care for their coworkers. Crime in the United States has continued to increase over the last decade despite our best efforts to control it. Pseudofamilies exist in men's prisons in the same manner they exists in women's prisons. Entering the ________ of a prison means finding in the diverse environment of the institution a niche that will accommodate an inmate's unique combination of needs. Match the terms with the definitions. World Prison Brief, Institute for Criminal Policy Research. [17] Transgender women, in particular, have relatively higher rates of HIV and incarceration. 1 officer for every 6.35 inmates. An inmate who helps other inmates with various legal problems. At year-end 2014, 1 in _____ adults in the United States was under community supervision. These cases typically involve police officers, jailers, correctional officers, probation officers, prosecutors, judges, and other federal, state, or local law enforcement officials. [69,70] Adherence counseling is particularly important, as studies have demonstrated that adherence to antiretroviral therapy is low in persons who have experienced multiple incarcerations. [25], In the United States, upon entry into jail or prison, it is estimated that approximately 22% of HIV-seropositive individualsare unaware they have HIV. According to your authors, the Three-State Recidivism Study concluded? The idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain and that the proper amount of punishment can deter crime is called? The court held that prison officials could not lawfully demonstrate deliberate indifference to the medical needs of prisoners in the case of? Inmates should mind their own affairs and do their own time., Inmates should not inform the prison staff about the illicit activities of other prisoners., Inmates should be indifferent to the prison staff and loyal to other convicts., or Inmates should follow the prison rules and not cause trouble. Most systems provide 30 days or less of antiretroviral medications, which is problematic since the wait time for an appointment at many community clinics often exceeds a month. 2015;42:643-9. Prison construction is estimated to be at______a year. August 24, 2017. [21], Although consensual sex, rape, tattooing, and injection drug use occur within the correctional setting, available data suggest that most persons with HIV who are incarceratedacquired HIV prior to entering prison or, for those with multiple incarcerations, between periods of incarceration. The region of the country with the highest number of parolees is the ___________. According to the text, which of the following statements about corrections officers' unions is true? [11,12,13] Available data suggest that for persons with HIV and a history of opioid dependence, receipt of opiate agonist therapy within an HIV clinic upon release from prison improves HIV treatment outcomes in the community. [7], The higher prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) within correctional facilities can partially be explained by the high percentage of inmates with a history of injection drug use. Which of the following is NOT a civil right commonly forfeited by convicted felons? In the United States, the average ratio of correctional officers to inmates across all states in 2012 was ________. [46] In the prison setting, unique barriers to antiretroviral adherence exist, such as frequent transfers between facilities or assignments within the facility that can interfere with continuity of care. A crime punishable by confinement in a local jail for a year or less is called? A previous judicial decision that judges should consider in deciding future cases is called? Because of limited access to HIV specialists, some prison systems have attempted to cohort persons with HIV in one or two facilities that have the easiest access to the specialists they needed. True or False? In women's prisons, the ________ role is occupied by sophisticated professional criminals who try to do easy time by manipulating other inmates and the staff to their own advantage. [33] One analysis, based on total antiretroviral sales in correctional facilities,found a substantial unmet need for HIV treatment in state and federal facilities, highlighting a major treatment gap. [1], At any point in time, about twice as many persons are incarcerated in prisons in the United States than in jails (Figure 1), but over the course of a year the number of individuals incarcerated in the jail system far exceeds those incarcerated in prisons (Figure 2); this difference over a year results from the low turnover rates in prisons (longer stays and infrequent releases) versus high turnover rates in jails (shorter stays and frequent releases). officer's supervisor. Inmates skilled in legal matters are known as ________. As of year-end 2016, the United States had approximately 2.2 million persons housed in correctional facilities and had an incarcerated population that exceeded that of all other countries, in large part due to the justice system's approach to illegal drugs. Cognitive Psychology - Memory. The sources of prisoners' rights are all except which of the following? Find state Departments of Corrections for information about state and local prisons and prisoners held in these facilities. D. Some officers adopt a human-services orientation toward their work. A jury found Murdaugh guilty of murdering his wife and son. [26,69] Individuals taking antiretroviral therapy at the time of discharge should receive an adequate supply of antiretroviral medication as a bridge from jail or prison release to an appointment with a community provider. When a juvenile court transfers jurisdiction of a case to an adult court it is called a? Revocation hearings usually begin with a violation report prepared by the probation officer. In one instance, a single case of tuberculosis rapidly spread among the inmates living with HIV in one facility and ultimately 31 individuals developed tuberculosis. Instances of prison sex can be divided into three basic categories. C. Board of Governors and Delegates Assembly 1994. From 1775 through 1856, English offenders were sent to _________ as punishment for crimes. This problem has been solved! Provide the inmate with a copy of the relevant medical record or clinical summary free of charge. In some situations, an investigation may involve an external investigator. Intensive supervision probation(ISP) involves? This graphic represents systematic review and data synthesis compiled up to January 13, 2015. Initially the value of exponential function increases slowly but increases faster later on. Over 5 percent of women are pregnant at the time of incarceration. A Latin term that refers to the state as guardian of minors and incompetent people is called? [76] Inadequate data exist regarding HIV prevalence in community corrections and HIV testing rates are low in this setting. They have formal authority to command. Sex Transm Dis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Which of the following is NOT one of them? In addition, this process is stigmatizing to the inmates with HIV and the cohorting process likely identifies them as a person with HIV. Contact your local or state health department for assistance with locating providers who are willing to accept uninsured persons. Many prison movies have been made in recent years. On any given day, more persons are housed in prisons than in jails, but over the course of a year the jail system encounters and houses many more distinct individuals; the higher total annual volume in a jail is due to much higher admission and release rates in jails than in prisons, where inmates typically have long sentences. A. While blacks account for 12% of the U.S. population they account for _____ of the correctional workforce. In some states, if you are convicted of a felony it is grounds for an uncontested divorce. The key to curbing recidivism of people who are mentally ill is to expand_______________into jails and prisons so that inmates can begin therapy the moment they walk into custody? Serious crime in the United States continues to go down but the prison poplation continues to go up. The Check-on-Learning Questions are short and topic related. having to admit more inmates than there is available space. What is described as the secret exchange of goods and services among inmates? [20] The immediate clinical management issues that should be addressed include HIV prevention counseling, referral for mental health treatment if needed, initial evaluation and staging of HIV, and referral for HIV treatment (Table 1). b. Correctional officers dispense both formal and informal sanctions to induce cooperation among inmates. As of September 30, 2012, there were about ________ employees of adult correctional agencies in the United States. [16] In addition, when compared with men, incarcerated women have higher rates of unemployment (45.8% versus 26.7%), homelessness (17.4% versus 12.1%), and psychiatric comorbidities (43.6% versus 21.6%). The_______leads the United States in executions. A crime punishable by death or by incarceration in a prison facility for a year or more is called a? Funding to various correctional agencies has been cut since 9/11 and has been allocated to? . Factors that may be considered to increase the culpability of the offender are called? The author of On Crimes and Punishments was? As a rule, statements including these words have less of a chance of being correct. After the American Revolution, England sent its prisoners to Scotland. These data are from correctional facilities in 59 CDC-funded Health Department jurisdictions. Approximately_________of women were under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of their arrest. ET for the sentencing for Alex Murdaugh. [77] Nevertheless, the community corrections population represents an important target for HIV screening and prevention services. The transition from a correctional facility to the community is a critical event for inmates with HIV. After release drop offs occur at every step of the HIV care cascade; linkage to HIV care and programs for reentry into HIV care are very important. Unions usually put the goals of the institution above the needs of individual officers. Race, ethnicity and sex are all aspects of? Note: the numbers listed do not match the total listed since parolees who were also on probation were not included in the total listed. The period of Western social thought that began in the 17th century and lasted until the dawn of the 19th century is known as? Many states have resource manuals listing HIV care providers. Majors, captains and correctional officers charged with maintaining order and security are called_____________. The power, right or authority of a court to interpret and apply the law is called? Paramedics from the adjoining firehouse were called and unsuccessfully tried to resuscitate the prisoner. The first legislation authorizing parole in the United States was enacted in ___________. The typical offender has been convicted of? According to the text, for punishment to be effective as a deterrent it must be________,_________, and_______. Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the offender. Option A is correct. [26]Althoughthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended in 2006 that correctional facilities perform routine opt-out HIV testing, the HIV testing practices and policies in correctional setting continue to vary from state to state. Alternatively, send information to the community provider after obtaining written consent for release ofinformation from the inmate. One study on recidivism demonstrated that the inmates who adjusted most successfully to prison life ________ to life in the free community upon release. Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware There are rarely opportunities for educational achievement in prison. A pass must be signed by an officer to be valid. Inmates under the care and custody of a local, state, or federal correctional authority are generally housed in one of two types of facilities - a local jail or a state or federal prison. In the past, sellers had more power than buyers, but now buyers have more power than sellers. The first reformatory to implement an extensive parole program was ___________. The ___________ constantly finds problems with the way the institution is run or with existing policies and rules. [26,30] Release from prison has been associated with increases in HIV RNA levels and decreased CD4 counts, which reflect some of the challenges with engaging in medical care and adhering to antiretroviral therapy while trying to reintegrate into society. Women started working in corrections in the 1970's and now are becoming more accepted. Which of the following statements best describes the term parole? Personalism & Modern Psychology Plato's Meno, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Electoral Process and Propaganda Techniques Q. Which of the following statements is true? Wardens, superintendents, assistant superintendents and others charged with running the institution and its programs are called__________. A crime which is a violation of a local ordinance and is punishable by only a fine is called an? Source: World Prison Brief: Highest to LowestPrison Population Total. The next day, while discussing the incident, one of the arresting officers mentioned that the prisoner had said something about "have to kill myself" while being The rates of inmate suicide are far higher than the national averages, and even higher still for special populations (including juvenile and LGBTI inmates), even corrections officers have a much greater occupational suicide rate. Sellers should focus on being helpful because buyers are powerless and need help to buy. HIV Testing Implementation Guidance for Correctional Settings. that good educational programs reduce recidivism. (2) Words such as SOMETIMES, MAY, GENERALLY, and POSSIBLY soften a statement and leave more room for the statement to be correct. These officers are an underutilized resource, perhaps because of the public's misunderstanding of their role. At the end of 2012, about ________ percent of the security staff in state correctional agencies were male. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways? [76] At the end of 2016, approximately 4.5 million adults in the United States were in community corrections (Figure 17). Officers who oversee the work of individual inmate work crews are called ____________. Those officers who supervise inmates in the prison athletic areas or recreational areas are called ___________. [45,66] In a study that involved released prisoners in Texas, only 30% filled a prescription for antiretroviral therapy within 60 days of release. The most frequent penalty in the Twelve Tables was? [74] Moreover, some investigators have also demonstrated that incarceration disrupts primary intimate relationships, suggesting that use of prison-based programs to help prisoners and their partners maintain their relationship during incarceration may reduce the number of sexual contacts after release.[75]. The HIV care cascade model has been applied to the correctional system in order to identify disparities and improve performance at every stage along the HIV care continuum, from HIV diagnosis to linkage and retention in care to antiretroviral therapy and virologic suppression (Figure 15). Treating HIV and AIDS in prison is difficult for all but one of the following reasons? answer choices Home confinement The officers can help provide guidance, support, and program opportunities to persons in the community correctional system while helping them remain accountable to their imposed conditions as they transition back into the community. Upon Robert-Francois Damiens was sentenced to be quartered publicly in Paris for attempting to kill? In the United States, the average ratio of correctional officers to inmates across all states in 2012 was _____. (1) Words such as ALL, NEVER, NONE, and EVERY harden a statement and indicate there are no exceptions. emdjay23. [54,55,56] Inmates with HIV have a very high rate of HCV coinfection, mental illness, and illiteracy: Incarcerated persons with HIV often present complex management challenges to prison medical staff who lack HIV expertise. The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time. Correctional officers dispense both formal and informal sanctions to induce cooperation among inmates. Treatment by experts in HIV medicine is strongly correlated with better medical outcomes, so one solution to the knowledge gap has been to introduce HIV subspecialty care to the prison setting through telemedicine. The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time and represent persons with diagnosed HIV. The ___________ was influenced by progressive beliefs that education and science were vehicles for controlling crime. Prisons, or institutions in which large numbers of convicted offenders spend time as punishment for crimes, are over a thousand years old. [18], It is important to recognize the overlap of incarceration and HIV, particularly for low-income people of color. "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted" is the 5th Amendment. [67] Programs that enhance linkage and entry into HIV care are crucial. Quantifying units of time is an easy operation through psychological . The "poorhouse of the twentieth century" are? [14,15], In the United States, the absolute number of men with HIV in state or federal prisons is consistently greater than the number of women by a ratio of more than 10 to 1, which is not surprising given the prison population is predominantly male. If you're the victim of cyberbullying behavior, besides contacting your teacher or the school, Learning Resource Center can you go to find information. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), The National HIV Curriculum is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of a financial assistance award totaling $1,021,448 with 0% financed with non-governmental sources. [19] Incarcerated Black men are at least twice as likely as incarcerated White men to have HIV. Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the inmate society in many women's prisons? According to Schmalleger, the ___________ adapts to prison by exploiting the minimal pleasures it offers. [7] Unfortunately, large declines in the HIV care cascade are seen after release from incarceration, often to levels even lower than before incarceration. It also been observed that the functions have only one asymptote. Which of the following statements is true about a high percentage of lawsuits filed by inmates? Officers can never catch all criminals. The_______has the highest per capita incarcerationrate in the world. Some officers become alienated, cynical, and withdrawn. They can replace any officer who is absent. The average ratio of correctional officers to inmates in federal prisons in 2015 was ________. The Supreme Court ruled in__________that it was unconstitutional and a violation of the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment to execute people for crimes that were committed before turning age 18. Collaborate with state and local offices administering benefit and entitlement programs to facilitate pre-release applications and benefit reinstatements. a) They have considerable discretion in discharing their duties within the constraints of rules, regulations, and policies.

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