[78] All this did not go well with Roman traditionalists. Previous emperors had often left Rome for long periods, but mostly to go to war, returning once the conflict was settled. [116], Hadrian fell ill around this time; whatever the nature of his illness, it did not stop him from setting off in the spring of 128 to visit Africa. [233] Nevertheless, his recreation of the deceased youth as a cult-figure found little opposition. [156] Hadrian's report on the war to the Roman Senate omitted the customary salutation, "If you and your children are in health, it is well; I and the legions are in health. Egyptian papyri tell of one such ceremony between 117 and 118; see Michael Peppard. [99] The actual history of their relationship is mostly unknown. It had been renamed Antigoneia since Hellenistic times, after the Macedonian King Antigonus III Doson. Hadrian's mother was Domitia Paulina, daughter of a distinguished Hispano-Roman senatorial family from Gades (Cádiz). Reduction of defence costs may also have played a role, as the Wall deterred attacks on Roman territory at a lower cost than a massed border army,[86] and controlled cross-border trade and immigration. Friedrich Schiller called Hadrian "the Empire's first servant". He saw the Bar Kokhba revolt as the failure of his panhellenic ideal. My mother was Domitia Paulina and was born at Gades. Born: ? Throughout his life, Hadrianus Afer spent some of his time in Rome. Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer was a distinct and wealthy Roman Senator and soldier who lived in the Roman Empire during the 1st century. On the numerous senatorial families from Spain residing at Rome and its vicinity around the time of Hadrian's birth see R. Syme, 'Spaniards at Tivoli', in. Historia Augusta offers the following account: During a journey on the Nile he lost Antinous, his favourite, and for this youth he wept like a woman. His exact route is uncertain, but it took in Epidaurus; Pausanias describes temples built there by Hadrian, and his statue – in heroic nudity – erected by its citizens[108] in thanks to their "restorer". He was born Publius Aelius Hadrianus in Italica, Hispania Baetica, into a Hispano-Italic family that settled in Spain from the Italian city of Atri in Picenum. His father was of senatorial rank and was a first cousin of Emperor Trajan. [122], Hadrian arrived in Egypt before the Egyptian New Year on 29 August 130. with W.R. Paton's translation at the Internet Archive, For instance, a probably bogus anecdote in, see Note 2 in Emanuela Andreoni Fontecedro's, "tales autem nec multo meliores fecit et Graecos", Historia Augusta, ibidem, cf Ronald Syme, among others; see Ando, footnote 172. When Trajan died, his widow claimed t… Trajan himself seems to have been less than enthusiastic about the marriage, and with good reason, as the couple's relationship would prove to be scandalously poor. After the war, he was probably elected praetor. [232], Hadrian was criticised for the open intensity of his grief at Antinous's death, particularly as he had delayed the apotheosis of his own sister Paulina after her death. [25][26] Thereafter no more is heard of him until Trajan's Parthian War. At Nemausus, he may have overseen the building of a basilica dedicated to his patroness Plotina, who had recently died in Rome and had been deified at Hadrian's request. [186] More likely, an expansionist policy was no longer sustainable; the empire had lost two legions, the Legio XXII Deiotariana and the "lost legion" IX Hispania, possibly destroyed in a late Trajanic uprising by the Brigantes in Britain. [214][215] He abolished ergastula, private prisons for slaves in which kidnapped free men had sometimes been illegally detained. While Hadrian and his entourage were sailing on the Nile, Antinous drowned. The adoptions: Anthony Birley, pp. In Hadrian's villa, statues of the Tyrannicides, with a bearded Aristogeiton and a clean-shaven Harmodios, linked his favourite to the classical tradition of Greek love. Cyrene had benefited earlier (in 119) from his restoration of public buildings destroyed during the earlier Jewish revolt. His son and daughter were placed in the guardianship of his cousin Trajan and the Roman officer Publius Acilius Attianus. His father was Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer, a senator of praetorian rank, born and raised in Italica but paternally linked, through many generations over several centuries, to a family from Hadria (modern Atri), an ancient town in Picenum. 86 death: Notes. He also organised the planning and construction of a particularly challenging and ambitious aqueduct to bring water to the Athenian Agora. [180][181] Hadrian was given a temple on the Campus Martius, ornamented with reliefs representing the provinces. [155] Hadrian called his general Sextus Julius Severus from Britain, and brought troops in from as far as the Danube. Adam M. Kemezis, "Lucian, Fronto, and the absence of contemporary historiography under the Antonines". [250], Hadrian's philhellenism may have been one reason for his adoption, like Nero before him, of the beard as suited to Roman imperial dignity; Dio of Prusa had equated the growth of the beard with the Hellenic ethos. [146] According to Justin Martyr and Eusebius, that had to do mostly with Christian converts, who opposed bar Kokhba's messianic claims. [234] Though not a subject of the state-sponsored, official Roman imperial cult, Antinous offered a common focus for the emperor and his subjects, emphasising their sense of community. Marble, Palazzo Massimo alle Terme(Ro… Their children were a daughter, Aelia Domitia Paulina (75–130) and a son, Emperor Publius Aelius Hadrianus (76–138). Dio claims that once Hadrian became emperor, he showed Apollodorus drawings of the gigantic Temple of Venus and Roma, implying that great buildings could be created without his help. [174], Hadrian's last few years were marked by conflict and unhappiness. The reasons for these four executions remain obscure. [46] As Trajan lay dying, nursed by his wife, Plotina, and closely watched by Prefect Attianus, he could have lawfully adopted Hadrian as heir, by means of a simple deathbed wish, expressed before witnesses;[47] but when an adoption document was eventually presented, it was signed not by Trajan but by Plotina, and was dated the day after Trajan's death. As local conflicts had led to the failure of the previous scheme for an Hellenic association centered on Delphi, Hadrian decided instead for a grand league of all Greek cities. AKA Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus. [ˈkae̯s̠ar t̪rajˈjaːnʊs̠ (h)a.d̪riˈjaːnʊs̠], the Jewish revolt that had broken out under Trajan, the Column commemorating his Dacian conquest, "De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families", Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, http://www.edr-edr.it/edr_programmi/res_complex_comune.php?do=book&id_nr=EDR131420&partId=1, "How Victorian restorers faked the clothes that seemed to show Hadrian's softer side", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, https://www.livius.org/le-lh/legio/xxii_deiotariana.html, "A Contribution To The Archaeology of The Western Desert: IV – The Great Serapeum Of Alexandria", "Antinoos, The New God: Origen on Miracle and Belief in Third Century Egypt", "he wore a full beard to cover up the natural blemishes on his face", "Barba – NumisWiki, The Collaborative Numismatics Project", Forty-three translations of Hadrian's "Animula, vagula, blandula ...", Critical Companion to T. S. Eliot: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, trans. Howgego, in Howgego, C., Heuchert, V., Burnett, A., (eds), Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces, Oxford University Press, 2005. Having set in motion the preparations – deciding whose claim to be a Greek city was genuine would take time – Hadrian set off for Ephesus. They were given jurisdiction over all of Italy, excluding Rome itself, therefore shifting Italian cases from the courts of Rome. [107], During the winter he toured the Peloponnese. [202], Hadrian enacted, through the jurist Salvius Julianus, the first attempt to codify Roman law.
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