kingdom of ferghana

In 739, a Turk named Arslan Tarkhan, conquered Ferghana. Fergana Valley, enormous depression between the Tien Shan and Gissar and Alay mountain systems, lying mainly in eastern Uzbekistan and partly in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Competition from other states in the gold trade eventually took its toll. The whole of Bactria, Transoxiana and the area of Ferghana remained under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire until 250 BCE. After the death of Qutayba (also in 715), Ferghana was taken back by Chinese general Zhang Xiaosong (張孝嵩). Editor's Note: This is the first installment of a two-part series on the Fergana Valley region of Central Asia, its complex demographics and the history and future of conflicts in the area. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, about 75 km west of Andijan, and less than 20 km from the Kyrgyzstan border. Fergana first appears in written records in the 5th-century. Kingdom Capital De jure duchies De jure empire Counties Special requirements AI additional requirements Title ID Alternative names ... Soghd, Badakhshan, Khuttal, Osrushana, Ferghana, Khorezm, Uzboy Turan k_transoxiana Persia Isfahan Isfahan, Kirman, Yazd, Rayy, Hamadan, Fars, Hormuz, Khuzestan, Kermanshah Persian Empire 36 k_persia Just Ferghana, a kingdom not two hundred miles long or one hundred wide. Farghana joined the Chinese side in the battle of Talas in 751. Now, Alexander is long dead and Ferghana is an uneasy mix of Greeks and native Sakas. living in the Ferghana Valley. In 729, an ikhshid of Farghana aided the Turgesh during the Siege of Kamarja, and two years later the Turgesh was aided by Ferghana during the Battle of the Defile. Determined to emulate his warrior ancestors, Babur's hunger for an empire leads him to attempt to re-establish Timur's legacy around the fabled city of Samarkand, accompanied by his loyal army of followers. During the reign of the Umayyad caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik (r. 715–717), the ikhshid ("king") of Farghana revolted against Umayyad authority, but was shortly defeated and killed. The most sought-after steeds were known as "blood-sweating horses"; raised in the western kingdom of Ferghana, they were sent in great numbers as tribute to the emperor. In cities such as Panjikant and Pai, the Sogdians revolted; the most dangerous being the rebellion of 720-722 under Divashtich and Karzanj, who gained the support of the ikhshid of Ferghana, known as at-Tar (also spelled Alutar). Sa'id thus managed to restore Umayyad control over Transoxiana, except Ferghana. It was invaded by the Umayyad Arab general Qutayba ibn Muslim during the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. "Ghana" was actually the title given to Wagadugu kings and was used by the Islamic "reporters" to describe the rich and mysterious place they observed. With a western loan Fergana is able to modernize its refinery and also reduce air pollution[4] emissions. Reviewed in the United Kingdom on June 6, 2013. It is located at the western end of the Tarim basin in what is today Xinjiang Province of China. Farghana, along with Khujand, was shortly raided after Qutayba's victory over Gurak. The Principality of Farghana (also spelled Ferghana, Fergana, and Fargana), was a local Iranian dynasty of Sogdian origin, which ruled the Farghana region from an unknown date to 819. Its main exports were camels and green jade. The capital of the principality was Akhsikath. The roughly triangular valley has an area of 8,500 square miles (22,000 square km). It is bordered on the northwest by the The Greco-Bactrian kingdom refers to several dynasties and probably kingdoms of Greco-Macedonian monarchs who ruled over Bactria from 250 to 130 BCE.. Foundation. In 715, Qutayba completely subdued Farghana, and made it a vassal state of the Umayyad Caliphate. His only son, Babur, faces a seemingly impossible challenge. It represented a wide valley, stretching for more than 300 km from east to west, and it possessed a developed agriculture and crafts. The realm of Euthydemus of Bactria is a large one, including Sogdiana and Ferghana to the north, and Margiana and Aria to the west. Ferghana was in 740 ravaged by another Umayyad general named Nasr ibn Sayyar. It lies on the southern side of the Syr Darya (Jaxartes) and on the main route into Ferghana. In 726, Farghana became divided between two ikhshids, one ruling in the north and as a vassal of the Turgesh. Kingdom of Fergana The Kingdom of Fergana existed between the 3rd century BC and 6th century AD in what is now the Ferghana Valley of eastern Uzbekistan. The rulers of the region were known by their titles of “ikhshid” and “dehqan”. [3], Fergana has a high proportion of Russian, Soviet Koreans and Tatar inhabitants compared to other Fergana Valley cities. The rulers of the region were known by their titles of “ikhshid” and “dehqan”. Ferghana is also subjugated by 715. Winters are cool and short, with a daily average low temperature of −2.8 °C (27 °F) and a daily average high of 4.6 °C (40 °F) in January; summers are hot, with an average low temperature of 20.3 °C (69 °F) and an average high of 34.7 °C (94 °F) in July. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, about 75 km west of Andijan, and less than 20 km from the Kyrgyzstan border. [citation needed] It was initially named New Margelan (Новый Маргелан), then renamed Skobelev (Скобелев) in 1907 after the first Russian military governor of Fergana Valley. I found this book very informative and enjoyed the way the it was written. Verified Purchase. In 1504, Prince Babar, who but three months before had been forced to leave his kingdom of Ferghana as a homeless exile, appeared before Kabul and took it. It takes place in the kingdom of Ferghana, which was once on the eastern fringe of Alexander's empire. While the area has been populated for thousands of years, the modern city was founded in 1876. The capital of the principality was Akhsikath. The capital of the principality was Akhsikath. Fergana has been a center for oil production in the Fergana Valley since the region's first oil refinery was built near the city in 1908. Now, Alexander is long dead and Ferghana is an uneasy mix of Greeks and native Sakas. The Khanate of Kokand (Uzbek: Qo'qon Xonligi, also called the Khanate of Ferghona or Khanate of Ferghana) is a nation in Central Asia holding, more or less, … At-tar promised to give them protection in case their rebellion turned into a failure. Fergana (Uzbek: Fargʻona/Фарғона, Russian: Фергана́), or Ferghana, is the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. The ancient region of Ferghana or Farghana lay largely within modern Tajikistan (today Fergana or Fargana is more common). [4] Nevertheless, the ikhshids of Ferghana are still mentioned in sources. However, at the same time Ferghana was invaded by the Umayyad general Muhammad ibn Khalid Azdi. However, an army under the Turgesh khagan Suluk came to the rescue for their Ferghanian allies, and won a crushing victory over the Arabs in the so-called "Day of Thirst". Although it was still predominantly inhabited by eastern Iranians, many Turks had also started to settle there. Fergana, or Ferghana, is the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. The purpose of the visit is that your father, Yu Lushan has been invited by the Tang imperial court to discuss the purchase of some horses from the Ferghana Valley, which are prized by the Tang military. It was probably the area known in classical Chinese sources as Dayuan. An easy read, based in fact but not too full of detail. The region was rich in gold, and it… It is 1494 when the ruler of Ferghana dies in an extraordinary accident. Accession to power – 11 years old when he inherited Ferghana. In 750, the Umayyad Caliphate fell, and was replaced by the Abbasid Caliphate. It takes place in the kingdom of Ferghana, which was once on the eastern fringe of Alexander’s empire. [1] The city of Fergana was refounded in 1876 as a garrison town and colonial appendage to Margelan (22 kilometres or 13 1⁄2 miles to the northwest) by the Russian Empire. This is the story of the charismatic Babur, warrior and ruler of Ferghana, a kingdom north of Afghanistan. The first written references to the empire are those of Arabic geographers and historians from the 8th century, and it seems certain that, by 800, Ghana had become rich and powerful. You will be going to Chang’an (X’ian) the capital city of the Tang Dynasty in China with your father. [2][3], In 723, a Umayyad army under Muslim ibn Sa'id al-Kilabi invaded Ferghana, and devastated the countryside. Nevertheless, Farghana remained out of Arab control from 715 until late 700s. Just as Uzbekistan is the heart of Central Asia, the Ferghana Valley is the heart of Uzbekistan. Some of the industrial development was a result of Evacuation in the Soviet Union during World War II.[3]. Descended from Timur on father’s side and from Genghis Khan on his mother’s. [2], The industrial base of Fergana was developed in the 20th century. Jealousy, fear, and anger of Ghana’s power prompted its neighbors to stand up against the kingdom. Al-Harashi quickly marched towards Khujand, where he defeated the army of Karzanj, brutally massacring over 3,000 Sogdian inhabitants in the city. Ferghana was known to the Chinese sources since the second half of the I millennium BC as the "kingdom of Davan". The population of Fergana city was approximately 282,000 as of October 1, 2018. Industry in the city included textile manufacturing and a nitric fertiliser plant. [1] He then marched towards Zarafshan, where he defeated and captured Divashtich, who was later executed. [8] Tajiks and Uzbeks are the largest ethnic groups, with Russian-speakers comprising about 25% of the city's population. The ancient kingdom referred to as Dayuan (Chinese: 大宛 - "Great Yuan", literally "Great Ionians") in the Chinese chronicles is now generally accepted as being in the Ferghana Valley. Father – Umar Shaikh, ruler of Ferghana. Look at it – a place of sheep and goats grazing in valleys ringed on three sides by mountains.' By 1000 B.C.E., the nation had undergone strategic expansion and taken control of a large pocket of land between the upper Niger and Senegal Rivers. Fergana, on the route to the Chinese Tarim Basin from the west, remained at the boundaries of a number of classical era empires. Annual precipitation is less than 200mm, and is higher in winter and autumn. The earliest of these mythical Indo-Iranian rulers is Fereydun, king of a 'world empire'. And they, along with Chinese sources, suggest that the clash of empires at Talas had its roots in a purely local quarrel, in the year 750, between the rulers of two petty kingdoms - Ferghana and Chach - that caused Ferghana to seek the military assistance of the Chinese. The Greco-Bactrian kingdom appeared in 250 BCE, when the satrap Diodotos (or Theodotus in Latin) rebelled against his Seleucid ruler, Antiochos II, knowing that Antiochus was occupied struggling against the … The wealth that the kingdom acquired did not, however, serve in its favor forever. Gillian Bradshaw's Horses of Heaven is a historical fantasy set in a place and time far from fantasy's beaten path: central Asia in 140 B.C. However, archeological evidence demonstrates that the city had been populated since the Chalcolithic period. The little-known pre-Achaemenid kingdom of Aryana Vaejah, which translates as the 'expanse of the Aryans', could be ... Ferghana's ruler, at-Tar, faces annihilation until relief arrives in the form of the Türgish khagan of the Western Göktürks, Sulu. He flung out an arm towards the soaring, cloud-circled peaks of Mount Beshtor. Ethnic Stock – Turko Mongol prince from Ferghana, a small kingdom east of Samarkand. The rulers of the region were known by their titles of “ikhshid” and “dehqan”. He was buried in Andijan. Dates of renaming taken from Adrian Room, Uzbekistan's Fergana Refinery is upgraded with EBRD finance 1997, "Average monthly data about air temperature and precipitation in 13 regional centers of the Republic of Uzbekistan over period from 1981 to 2010", "Weather and Climate – The Climate of Fergana", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fergana&oldid=1011528035, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 1: Centre of Hydrometeorological Service of Uzbekistan. Gillian Bradshaw’s Horses of Heaven is a historical fantasy set in a place and time far from fantasy’s beaten path: central Asia in 140 B.C. Ferghana, at its start, is a Sunni Uzbek iqta located in the Arys and Ferghana areas, Central Asia region, Tartary subcontinent of the Asia continent. While the area has been populated for thousands of years, the modern city was founded in 1876. Khotan was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Yutian, beginning in the 3rd century BCE. By this time Ustrushana is a relatively important military and trading centre along the eastern borders of Sogdiana. Fergana has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk). The Principality of Farghana (also spelled Ferghana, Fergana, and Fargana), was a local Iranian dynasty of Sogdian origin, which ruled the Farghana region from an unknown date to 819. Natural gas from western Uzbekistan is transported by pipeline to the valley, where it is used to manufacture fertilizer. While the army of Karzanj was staying at Khujand, at-Tar betrayed him, and told the Umayyad general Sa'id ibn Amr al-Harashi where Karzanj and his army was stationing. With its wide, tree-lined boulevards and Tsarist-era buildings, and Russian spoken frequently on the streets, the city has a distinctly different feel from the rest of the region.[9]. An unconfirmed tradition dates the origins of the kingdom to the 4th century ce. Farghana is a Zoroastrian Sogdian monarchy located in the Ferghana and Transoxiana areas, Central Asia region, Tartary subcontinent, of the Asia continent; rising during the 'Fall of Rome' era. Inherited - small kingdom of Ferghana Extent of Kingdom at death - Consolidated and enlarged his conquered territory. In 1924, after the Bolshevik reconquest of the region from basmachi rebels, the name was changed to Fergana, after the province of which it was the centre. Since then, more refineries have been added, and Fergana is one of the most important centers of oil refining in Uzbekistan. The Great Fergana Canal, built almost entirely by hand during the 1930s, passes through the northern part of the city and was completed in 1939. During its construction, the canal and the city were widely photographed by the noted photographer Max Penson. Length of rule in India – 4 years [1526 – 1530]. Source 2: Pogoda.ru.net (mean temperatures/humidity/rainy and snow days 1981–2010, record low and record high temperatures), Museum of Local Studies – with displays of natural history, photographs, and local handicrafts, Regional Theatre – in 1877 the house of General, This page was last edited on 11 March 2021, at 10:58. [4], sfn error: no target: CITEREFLitvinskyDani1984 (, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Farghana&oldid=997727446, States and territories disestablished in the 9th century, States and territories established in the 8th century, Articles lacking in-text citations from February 2015, Articles needing additional references from February 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Autonomous principality, at times client of the, This page was last edited on 1 January 2021, at 23:15. Nothing is known of the political history of Ghana under its early kings. In 819, the governor of Khurasan, Ghassan ibn 'Abbad, appointed the Samanid prince Ahmad ibn Asad as the ruler of Farghana, thus marking the end of the ancient dynasty which ruled Farghana.

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