(Diagrams courtesy of ECB, Cricket Coaches Manual 2000). The red line follows the path of the feet during the action. There was a significant correlation between those bowlers who had poor angle of run-up (Section 7) and those that had a greater degree of back knee flexion at BFC. The angle of run up - several bowlers momentum was directed towards fine leg. First, make it part of a recovery session, where it can be non- running activities the day after the match, or day before. Other factors such as angle of run-up, speed of approach even the athletes physical strength are key factors which influence the length of the delivery stride. Sports Biomechanics Jul; 3(2):263-84. It has been reported that a force of 8-10 times body weight is transmitted through the body at front foot landing of the delivery stride. E.g. In the majority of case all the sixty bowlers analysed had an athletic run-up. Back leg collapsing on BFC, generally the more the back foot collapses the higher the front leg tends to become, the higher it gets, the longer the delivery stride will be. The ability to extend of the front leg will also increase the height of ball release for extra bounce and swing. The range of the approach velocities was 4.04 m/s to 6.26m/s. There are exceptions to the rule, there is a slight danger that future bowlers will be cloned to bowl in one particular way based on biomechanical models, however any biomechanist will agree that there is an optimal position for each individual, given strength and conditioning, flexibility, anthropometric data for that individual to bowl at optimal. (RH Batsmen). Hi Sir, I’m 6.3″ fast bowler, I weigh 62kg and I’m 18 years of age. Evaluating Extender - No Collapse (n=1): Knee flexion less than 10 degrees followed by knee extension by 10 degrees or more. Excel, 6(1), 2-12. ECB Cricket Coaches Level 1 - 4 However, it should also be pointed out that some very slow bowlers, and even wrist spinners with slower run-ups do not bowl over a braced front leg. There is an optimum approach speed for each bowler that enables him or her to deliver the ball in a controlled and efficient manner. Journal of Sport Sciences, 2 (3), 86-95. Phase 4: Front Foot Contact (FFC) It is preferable to have an angle much closer to the horizontal: approximately 45 as in Figure 11a Alan Donald. Each bowler was filmed from three angles, side-on, front-on and back view. The basis for determining what constitutes too fast a run-up speed was based on the ability of the bowler to achieve a controlled release position. So as a recovery activity a 20-30minute exercise bike session or 15-20 minute jog can be added in with your pool stretching and ice baths for great recovery results. Ideally, the bowler would want to get off the back foot as quickly as possible! 2000). Excessive lateral flexion >60º will, over time, create problems around the lumbar region (lower back) along with rib injuries. It was also noted that the greater the degree of right knee flexion, this resulted in an increase in delivery stride length, however this was not a significant correlation. Over the years, sports biomechanical research into the fast bowling action has studied the relationships between technique, injury, physical preperation, equipment and even facilities… (For example: Foster et al., 1989; Elliott et al., 1993; Burnett et al., 1995; Bartlett et al., 1996; Burnett et al., 1998; Hurrion et al., 2000, Portus et al., 2000 and Portus et al., 2004). Mason, B., Weissensteiner, J. and Spence, P. (1989). Set aside three days a week for weight training. Endurance training done at a light to moderate intensity will help reduce muscle soreness, increase energy levels and maintain the cardiovascular system. - 85%). This study highlighted seven key biomechanical problems still found in the young fast medium bowler. There are two types of mixed bowling technique, both of which have a hip-shoulder separation angle equal to or greater than 20 degrees at BFC (Hurrion 1997). There are different requirements for side-on and front-on bowlers. At AS, candidates Figure 2a: Side-on Mixed Action - The shoulders are more front-on than the hips at BFC You can’t expect to bowl up to only 60 balls in training and then cope with bowling 20-25 overs in a day – that doesn’t make sense. National Cricket Coach Initiative. Straight Leg Technique - Constant brace (n=3): Both flexion and extension of the knee less than 5 degrees. analyse performance so as to: Injuries to Fast Bowlers are still unfortunately a very common occurrence. A simple coaching point is to focus on the chest leading the way through the finishing line of a 100m line (break the tape), prior to pre-delivery take off. Figure 10a shows the ball being released directly over the front foot. As a result the torso starts to fall away in order to allow the bowling arm to be redirected towards the target. It is very inefficient, plus it increases the amount of force around the lower back were injuries could occur very quickly. If it is exaggerated it may not only be inefficient and a waste of effort, but will heighten the risk of injury as the Ground Reaction Forces (GRF's) at back and front foot contact will be increased. In general, in order to be a bowler, the first thing you need is a good physical strength. I don’t feel stable. As a general rule of thumb, the back foot should land close to the popping crease and the front foot landing on the batting crease. Cricket-England fast bowler Archer says he was subjected to racial abuse Back to video Archer scored 30 and combined in a 59-run partnership for … Burnett et al., 1995 has already highlighted how technique chnages as a result of a 12 over bowling spell. Some players can play well under duress and Michael Clarke is one of those. The results that Gator Tracker and now Bupa Tracker have shown us like Peter Siddle covering 36.2km in one Test match innings, averaging over 120beats per minute heart rate for the whole time (7 hours), and Brett Lee maintaining heart rates over 170 beats per minute during each over, it’s clear there is a large endurance component in the game of cricket and particularly fast bowling. Fast bowlers are considered some of the most influential players on the cricket field. The analysis was performed for the sixty fast-medium bowlers during match conditions. It is a simple procedure for all coaches to check and they should do so on a regular basis. The pre delivery stride is too long or too high. and Burnett, A.F. This can lead to an excessive amount of lateral flexion - "falling away of the torso" prior to the release of the ball. Excessive lateral flexion has also been found in all types of bowlers including the mixed action bowler. Every effort should be made to get the run-up on a straight line and thus allow good alignment to happen naturally. Hurrion, P.D. Phase 1: Pre Delivery Stride (PDS) are required to observe, analyse and evaluate performance. instagram: @jockathletic. This occurs prior to the left foot making contact with the ground. There is a loss in horizontal speed in the bowling action at this point. This is still an area for future research and development, Portus et al., 2000. Bowlers are allowed an angled run-up, that is fine, however the four steps Pre-Delivery, Back Foot Contact, Front Foot Contact, First Stride in the Follow Through MUST be all on the line of the intended target. Foster, D., John D., Elliott, B., Ackland T. and Fitch, K. (1989). 2) Lean Back - long arms prior to delivery encourages the torso to lean away from the target : Force Alignment directed upwards and not towards the target! The fast bowlers were analysed in competitative ECB age group cricket from three separate deliveries to represent their technique (Front / Back / Side views). This is hugely dependent on the strength and conditioning of the bowler. Ground reaction forces on front foot contact [FFC] can be around 8 -10 x body weight. Figure 11b highlights the excessive lateral flexion in a young fast bowler. One way to look for a potential problem is to draw a line through the shoulders at the moment of release and measure the angle created with the vertical. This type of bowling action is essentially a cross between the Side-on and Front-on bowling actions. 41-46. The faster the bowler runs into the wicket, the greater their physical conditioning needs to be to withstand the ground reaction forces (GRFs), in particularly at front foot contact. The forces involved in fast bowling are higher than most athletic skills and ground contact time and muscle contraction times happen far quicker than any other skill. This will help reduce peak impact forces and increases the time to peak force by allowing the force to be attenuated over a longer time period.
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